Piston distributor, especially for lubricants



Sept. 11, 1956 J. LIPINSKI' 2,762,455

PISTON DISTRIBUTOR, ESPECIALLY FOR LUBRICANTS Filed Jan. 25, 1954 4 INVEN TOR.

United States Patent PISTON DISTRIBUTOR, ESPECIALLY FOR LUBRICANTSJohann Lipinski, Pressbaum, near Vienna, Austria, as-

signor to Alex. Friedmann Kommanditgesellschaft, Vienna, AustriaApplication January 25, 1954, Serial No. 405,903

3 Claims. (Cl. 184-7) Piston distributors for the quantitativedistribution of media fed under pressure, more especially lubricants, toa number of outlets are known, which are driven by the pressure exertedon the pistons by the fed medium, the working spaces of the pistonsbeing alternately connected with a space which contains the medium fedunder pressure and with the outlets. In such piston distributors, aconstruction has already been proposed in which all the pistons of thedistributor are connected together through at least one coupling elementwhich is driven with an amplitude of movement corresponding to thepiston stroke by the piston or pistons subjected in each case to theaction of the pressure of the fed medium. Such a construction has theadvantage that the pistons of the distributor are positively controlledby the coupling member by which they are connected, but their movementis not blocked thereby, so that the relatively high blocking forcesoccurring in the known arrangements are avoided and the wear on thearrangement is thereby substantially reduced.

Piston distributors are also known in which each two pistons areconnected coaxially to form pairs of pistons crossing one another. Suchconstructions are advantageous by reason of their simplicity, moreparticularly in the case of distributors for a small number of outlets.In the known constructions of this type, however, one pair of pistons isalways blocked during the movement of the other pair, so that suchconstructions all have the disadvantage of high wear resulting from theblocking.

The present invention has for its object to render the principle of thepositive control of the distributor pistons applicable to suchdistributors comprising crossing pairs of pistons and residessubstantially in that the coupling member controlling the strokes of thepairs of pistons is formed by a crank-like shackle link, each end ofwhich is pivotally connected to one pair of pistons. The said shacklelink renders the movements of the two pairs of pistons dependent uponone another and so controls these movements that the pairs of pistonscarry out their strokes one after the other without any blocking of themovement of one pair of pistons during the movement of the other pairbeing necessary.

According to the invention, the pins by which the shackle link is linkedto the pairs of pistons are disposed parallel to one another and theshackle link carries out during the movement of the pairs of pistons arotatable movement about a geometrical axis parallel to the link pinsthe position of the said axis being variable in space. In thisrotational movement, for which the shackle link is driven by theparticular piston subjected to the action of the medium under pressure,the shackle link controls the movement of the pistons in such mannerthat they perform their strokes one after the other. The shackle link isdesigned in the manner of a crank web, while the link pins constitutethe crank pins, which are rigidly connected to the pairs of pistons orto the crank web and can each be rotatably mounted in the other part.

The invention thus provides a distributor of simple 2,762,455 PatentedSept. 11, 1956 and cheap construction, the wear on which is reduced to aminimum by reason of the fact that jerky movement of the pairs ofpistons and periodical blocking of the movement thereof are avoided.

An embodiment of the invention is diagrammatically illustrated by way ofexample in the accompanying drawmgs.

Figure 1 shows a constructional form of the distributor according to theinvention in sectionthrough the axis of the pairs of pistons, thesection being so drawn as to show both pairs of pistons for the sake ofgreater clarity.

Figure 2 is a section on the line II -II of Figure 1.

The distributor body 1 comprises two bores 2 and 3 crossing one anotherat an angle of in different planes, in which borestwo pairs of pistons4,. 5 and 6, 7 are mounted. The working spaces of the pistons 4, 5 and6, 7 are designated by 8, 9 and 10, 11. In the example illustrated inthe drawings, the pairs of pistons 4, 5 and 6, 7 are each made in onepiece, but the pistons 4, 5 and 6, 7 may also be separately constructedand coupled by a connecting member.

The two pairs of pistons are coupled together by a shackle link 12fashioned in the form of a crank web. The said shackle link is linked tothe pairs of pistons by pins or studs 13 and 14. In the exampleillustrated in the drawings, the pin linking the pair of pistons 4, 5 isfitted in the pair of pistons and in the shackle link 12 and is adaptedto be rotated, for example, in the shackle link or if desired both inthe shackle link and in the pair of pistons. The link pin of the pair ofpistons 6, 7 is a stud 14 secured in the shackle link 12. The distancebetween the axes of the studs or pins 13 and 14 is so great that itcorresponds to half the stroke of a pair of pistons, so that when onepair of pistons passes through the centre the other pair passes into itsextreme end position. Since each pair of pistons 4, 5 and 6, 7 consistsof one piece in which the piston diameter is not exceeded at any point,the pairs of pistons can be simply introduced into the cylinder bores 2,3 during assembly.

The lubricant or the like is fed to the distributor through an inlet 15,from which it passes through a bore 16 to a cavity 17 in the :centre ofthe distributor body 1. Each piston of the pair has a control recess 18which is so di- .mensioned that when one pair of pistons is in the endposition the cavity 17 is in communication with the correspondingcontrol passage 19, 2'0, 21 or 22. While the control recess 18 of onepiston (for example of the piston 5) connects the cavity 17 with thepassage 21 and the working space 10 of the piston 6, the control recess18 of the other piston of the same pair (for example of the piston 4)simultaneously connects the working space 11 of the piston 7 through thecontrol passage 22 with the outlet 23. The piston 6 is thus subjected tothe pressure of the medium fed, while the piston 7 is relieved of load.The pair of pistons 6, 7 is forced downwards (as seen in Figure 1),while the crank-like shackle link 12 carries out a movement in thedirection of the arrow 27. The pair of pistons 4, 5 is thus moved by theshackle link 12 and commences its stroke towards the right as soon asthe pair of pistons 6, 7 has passed through the mid-position. When thecontrol recess 18 in the piston 6 then connects the cavity 17 with theworking space 8 of the piston 4 through the control passage 19 and thecontrol recess 18 in the piston 7 simultaneously establishes theconnection of the working space 9 of the piston 5 through the controlpassage 20 with the oulet 24, the pair of pistons 4, 5 is forced to theright by the pressure in the working space 8. The pair of pistons 6, 7is thus again carried along I The pair of pistons 4, 5 and 6, 7 thuscomplete their strokes in succession, the lubricant being successivelyconveyed in the requisite quantities to the respective lubricatingpoints through the outlets 23, 24, 25 and 26.

What I'claim is:

1. A piston distributor for the quantitative distribution of media fedunder pressure, comprising a body, cylindrical bores in said body andtwo pairs of pistons, the pistons of each pair being coaxially connectedtogether, the said pairs of pistons being slidable in each of the saidcylindrical bores, a crank-like shackle link and means for pivotallyconnecting the said shackle link to each of the said pairs of pistons,the said shackle link controlling the reciprocating strokes of the saidpairs of pistons in timed relation, the said cylindrical bores crossingeach other on different levels spaced from each other, an inlet for themedium to be fed, a working space for each of the said pistons, anoutlet coordinated to each of the said working spaces for the mediumfed, channels in communication with the said Working spacesand controlrecesses in the said pistons, the said control recesses connecting thesaid channels alternatively to the said inlet and the said outlets. a

2. In a piston distributor as claimed in claim 1, pins connecting thesaid shackle link pivotally to the said pairs of pistons, the axes ofthe said pins being parallel to each other, a free space in the saidbody in which the said shackle link is disposed without interconnectionto the said body for free rotational movement about a geometrical axisparallel to the link pins, the position of which axis is variable inspace.

3. In a piston distributor as claimed in claim 1, each of the said pairsof pistons consisting of a single piece, the diameter of which nowhereexceeds the piston diameter.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS2,197,705 Nemetz Apr. 16, 1940 FOREIGN PATENTS 905,623 France Apr. 23,1945

